BALANCE IN JAPANESE SOCIETY:

    The concept of balance is closely intertwined with a variety of cultures and religions. In ancient greek texts, the bible, and modern literature, the concept of dark and light is prevelent. However, Japan approaches balance in a unique way; namely, balance can be found through imbalance. This aesthetic is influenced by Daoism, Shinto, and Confucianism, but is found throughout a variety of modern art forms and practices. 

     Contemporary Japan can be considered a secular society heavily influenced by spiritualist undertones that stress balance and tranquility. Harmony, order, and self-development are three of the most important values that shape the sphere Japanese social interaction. These basic ideas of self and the nature are drawn from several religious and philosophical traditions. The influence of Daoism cannot be underrated when considering the concept of Balance in Japanese Society. The Taoist principles of the complementary are a reflection of the spiritualistic Shinto.

     In interpersonal relationships, most Japanese tend to avoid open competition and confrontation. Working with others requires self-control, but it carries the rewards of pride in contributing to the group, emotional security, and social identity. Wa, the notion of harmony within a group, requires an attitude of cooperation and a recognition of social roles.

     Confucianism emphasizes harmony among heaven, nature, and human society achieved through each person's accepting his or her social role and contributing to the social order by proper behavior. Relative status differences define nearly all social interaction. Thus, these regimented systems are a reflection of asymmetrical balance detailed by wabi sabi, the idea of finding balance within imperfection. The linear yet skewed hierarchy defined by Confucianism conforms to this ideal.